{"id":4414,"date":"2026-11-12T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/?p=4414"},"modified":"2026-09-30T16:46:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T16:46:15","slug":"business-judgment-rule-direksi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/","title":{"rendered":"Business Judgment Rule: Perlindungan Hukum bagi Direksi PT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Business judgment rule adalah prinsip yang melindungi direksi dari tanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian perseroan yang timbul dari keputusan bisnis yang diambil dengan benar.<\/strong> Dalam UU No. 40 Tahun 2007, prinsip ini tercermin dalam Pasal 97 ayat (5): anggota direksi tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas kerugian jika dapat membuktikan bahwa kerugian bukan karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya, ia telah mengurus perseroan dengan iktikad baik dan kehati-hatian, tidak memiliki benturan kepentingan, dan telah mengambil tindakan untuk mencegah kerugian.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/business-judgment-rule-direksi.jpg\" alt=\"Rapat direksi di ruang pertemuan, ilustrasi business judgment rule bagi direksi PT\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4383\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Dasar_Tanggung_Jawab_Direksi\" >Dasar Tanggung Jawab Direksi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Empat_Syarat_Pembelaan_Pasal_97_Ayat_5\" >Empat Syarat Pembelaan Pasal 97 Ayat (5)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Praktik_Tata_Kelola_untuk_Direksi\" >Praktik Tata Kelola untuk Direksi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Business_Judgment_Rule_Tidak_Melindungi_Segalanya\" >Business Judgment Rule Tidak Melindungi Segalanya<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Kesimpulan\" >Kesimpulan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Pertanyaan_yang_Sering_Diajukan\" >Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Apa_itu_business_judgment_rule\" >Apa itu business judgment rule?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Kapan_direksi_bertanggung_jawab_pribadi_atas_kerugian_PT\" >Kapan direksi bertanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian PT?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Apa_saja_syarat_pembelaan_direksi\" >Apa saja syarat pembelaan direksi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Apakah_keputusan_bisnis_yang_rugi_otomatis_membuat_direksi_bersalah\" >Apakah keputusan bisnis yang rugi otomatis membuat direksi bersalah?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/business-judgment-rule-direksi\/#Bagaimana_direksi_bisa_melindungi_diri\" >Bagaimana direksi bisa melindungi diri?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dasar_Tanggung_Jawab_Direksi\"><\/span>Dasar Tanggung Jawab Direksi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pasal 97 ayat (2) dan (3) UU PT mewajibkan direksi menjalankan pengurusan dengan iktikad baik dan penuh tanggung jawab. Anggota direksi bertanggung jawab penuh secara pribadi atas kerugian perseroan jika bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya. Pasal 97 ayat (5) memberi jalan pembelaan.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Empat_Syarat_Pembelaan_Pasal_97_Ayat_5\"><\/span>Empat Syarat Pembelaan Pasal 97 Ayat (5)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Syarat<\/th>\n<th>Bukti yang Membantu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kerugian bukan karena kesalahan atau kelalaian<\/td>\n<td>Analisis risiko, kajian kelayakan, pendapat ahli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pengurusan dengan iktikad baik dan kehati-hatian sesuai maksud dan tujuan perseroan<\/td>\n<td>Keputusan sesuai anggaran dasar dan prosedur internal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tidak ada benturan kepentingan langsung maupun tidak langsung<\/td>\n<td>Pengungkapan kepentingan dan persetujuan organ jika ada afiliasi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Telah mengambil tindakan untuk mencegah timbul atau berlanjutnya kerugian<\/td>\n<td>Langkah mitigasi yang terdokumentasi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Praktik_Tata_Kelola_untuk_Direksi\"><\/span>Praktik Tata Kelola untuk Direksi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Dokumentasikan dasar setiap keputusan besar, termasuk data dan pertimbangan risikonya.<\/li>\n<li>Minta persetujuan komisaris atau RUPS untuk transaksi yang disyaratkan anggaran dasar.<\/li>\n<li>Ungkapkan konflik kepentingan sejak awal.<\/li>\n<li>Gunakan pendapat profesional untuk keputusan berisiko tinggi.<\/li>\n<li>Tindak cepat saat risiko mulai terlihat, dan catat langkah yang diambil.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"ls-baca-juga\"><strong>Baca Juga:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/tanggung-jawab-pribadi-pemegang-saham\/\">Kapan Pemegang Saham Bertanggung Jawab Pribadi atas Utang PT?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Business_Judgment_Rule_Tidak_Melindungi_Segalanya\"><\/span>Business Judgment Rule Tidak Melindungi Segalanya<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Keputusan yang melanggar hukum atau anggaran dasar.<\/li>\n<li>Keputusan yang menguntungkan direktur secara pribadi.<\/li>\n<li>Kelalaian yang jelas, misalnya mengabaikan peringatan risiko yang nyata.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dalam hal perseroan pailit karena kesalahan atau kelalaian direksi dan harta pailit tidak cukup, Pasal 104 UU PT juga membuka tanggung jawab renteng anggota direksi.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kesimpulan\"><\/span>Kesimpulan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Direksi tidak dituntut untuk selalu untung, tetapi dituntut untuk memutuskan dengan iktikad baik, hati-hati, bebas konflik kepentingan, dan responsif terhadap risiko. Dokumentasi yang baik adalah perlindungan terbaik direksi.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pertanyaan_yang_Sering_Diajukan\"><\/span>Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apa_itu_business_judgment_rule\"><\/span>Apa itu business judgment rule?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Prinsip yang melindungi direksi dari tanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian akibat keputusan bisnis yang diambil dengan iktikad baik, hati-hati, dan tanpa benturan kepentingan, tercermin dalam Pasal 97 ayat (5) UU PT.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kapan_direksi_bertanggung_jawab_pribadi_atas_kerugian_PT\"><\/span>Kapan direksi bertanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian PT?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Jika bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya sesuai Pasal 97 ayat (3) UU PT, kecuali dapat membuktikan empat syarat dalam Pasal 97 ayat (5).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apa_saja_syarat_pembelaan_direksi\"><\/span>Apa saja syarat pembelaan direksi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kerugian bukan karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya, pengurusan dilakukan dengan iktikad baik dan kehati-hatian, tidak ada benturan kepentingan, dan telah mengambil tindakan mencegah kerugian.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apakah_keputusan_bisnis_yang_rugi_otomatis_membuat_direksi_bersalah\"><\/span>Apakah keputusan bisnis yang rugi otomatis membuat direksi bersalah?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tidak. Kerugian bisnis wajar tidak otomatis menjadi kesalahan direksi jika keputusannya memenuhi syarat Pasal 97 ayat (5).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bagaimana_direksi_bisa_melindungi_diri\"><\/span>Bagaimana direksi bisa melindungi diri?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dengan dokumentasi dasar keputusan, persetujuan organ sesuai anggaran dasar, pengungkapan konflik kepentingan, dan langkah mitigasi risiko yang tercatat.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ls-cta\" style=\"border-left:4px solid #0d6efd;background:#f3f7ff;padding:16px 20px;margin:28px 0;border-radius:6px\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>Perkuat Tata Kelola Direksi PT Anda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\">Tim LegalSatu membantu merapikan anggaran dasar, kewenangan direksi, dan dokumentasi RUPS, sehingga keputusan direksi lebih terlindungi secara hukum. Lihat paketnya di <a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/jasa-laporan-tahunan-rups\">layanan RUPS dan kepatuhan PT LegalSatu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/6285218089300?text=Halo%20Admin%20LegalSatu.%20Saya%20ingin%20konsultasi%20tata%20kelola%20direksi%20PT.%20Saya%20lihat%20dari%20artikel%20blog%20legalsatu.id\"><strong>Konsultasi gratis via WhatsApp<\/strong><\/a> atau lihat seluruh <a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/\">layanan LegalSatu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ls-terkait\">\n<p><strong>Artikel Terkait:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/tugas-dan-tanggung-jawab-direksi-pt\/\">Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Direksi PT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/peran-komisaris-dalam-pt\/\">Peran Penting Komisaris dalam PT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legalsatu.id\/blog\/susunan-pengurus-minimal-pt\/\">Susunan Pengurus Minimal PT<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Catatan:<\/strong> Artikel ini bersifat edukatif dan disusun berdasarkan UU No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, per September 2026. Regulasi dan praktik di lapangan dapat berubah atau berbeda antar daerah. Untuk kebutuhan hukum spesifik bisnis Anda, konsultasikan dengan tim legal LegalSatu.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Apa itu business judgment rule?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Prinsip yang melindungi direksi dari tanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian akibat keputusan bisnis yang diambil dengan iktikad baik, hati-hati, dan tanpa benturan kepentingan, tercermin dalam Pasal 97 ayat (5) UU PT.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kapan direksi bertanggung jawab pribadi atas kerugian PT?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Jika bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya sesuai Pasal 97 ayat (3) UU PT, kecuali dapat membuktikan empat syarat dalam Pasal 97 ayat (5).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Apa saja syarat pembelaan direksi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Kerugian bukan karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya, pengurusan dilakukan dengan iktikad baik dan kehati-hatian, tidak ada benturan kepentingan, dan telah mengambil tindakan mencegah kerugian.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Apakah keputusan bisnis yang rugi otomatis membuat direksi bersalah?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Tidak. 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Inilah business judgment rule dan cara menerapkannya.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4383,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"business judgment rule","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Business Judgment Rule: Perlindungan Hukum Direksi PT","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Business judgment rule melindungi direksi jika bisa buktikan 4 syarat Pasal 97 ayat 5 UU PT. Cek dasar tanggung jawab direksi dan praktik tata kelolanya.","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legalitas","category-perizinan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Business Judgment Rule: Perlindungan Hukum Direksi PT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Business judgment rule melindungi direksi jika bisa buktikan 4 syarat Pasal 97 ayat 5 UU PT. 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